Edexcel International GCSE English Language · Paper 1: Non-fiction
The Non-Fiction AnthologyReading the real world, for the exam

Text 7 · Emma Levine · Travel writing extract

A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat

A donkey-cart race in Karachi, filmed from the open boot of a car doing battle in a fifty-vehicle convoy. Levine’s extract runs anticipation, mayhem, crisis, escape, and saves its best joke for the final line.

The text at a glance

Levine and her companions Yaqoob and Iqbal drive out of Karachi to watch and film a Kibla donkey race, planning to join the convoy of vehicles that chases it. The wait is long and comically empty: ‘We waited for eternity’, and an hour’s only action is ‘a villager on a wobbly bicycle’. Then the racers appear in ‘a cloud of fumes and dust’, pursued by some fifty vehicles, and Yaqoob fights for a front position in what Levine calls ‘Formula One without rules’. Two races run at once: the donkeys in front, the motorised spectators behind. Just short of the finish the leading donkey stumbles and the cart overturns; over a hundred punters with money staked begin to argue, and the mood turns volatile. Driving away, Yaqoob cheerfully mentions that he has no driving licence because he is underage, a punchline that quietly doubles the danger of everything the reader has just enjoyed.

Methods that matter

Voice: the outsider who joins in

Levine watches nothing from a safe distance. The plan to film from the open boot is hers, and the tone is amused, energetic and affectionate rather than judging; the extract keeps inviting the reader to feel excitement and fear as the same sensation. Her trick for making an unfamiliar sporting culture vivid is the familiar comparison: the ‘Wacky Races’ allusion frames the event as madcap cartoon fun, ‘This was Formula One without rules’ and ‘a city-centre rush hour gone anarchic’ translate the traffic for readers at home, and ‘It was survival of the fittest’ presents Karachi driving as a brutal natural contest with a perfectly straight face. Each comparison entertains, and each also measures how far from home the reader has been taken.

Structure: a paragraph break that changes the weather

The shape is anticipation, mayhem, crisis, escape. The wait is deliberately drawn out, hyperbole and bathos delaying the pay-off, so that the race arrives as an explosion of sound and dust and the sentences lengthen into breathless catalogues of traffic anarchy. The hinge comes astride a paragraph break: ‘The race was over.’ ends one paragraph in flat finality, and ‘And then the trouble began.’ opens the next like a door onto something colder. Comedy becomes menace in the white space between two short sentences. The ending restores the humour with Yaqoob’s confession, but it is retrospective comedy with a shiver: the reader recalculates every overtaking manoeuvre in the knowledge that the driver was an unlicensed boy.

Language: mayhem you can hear

Sound builds the convoy before the eye can sort it out: ‘horns tooting, bells ringing’, an onomatopoeic list that puts the reader inside the celebratory din. The borrowed idiom of professional sport, ‘The two were neck-and-neck’, both elevates and gently mocks a donkey race, and the precise fact that the Kibla donkey is ‘said to achieve speeds of up to 40 kph’ lends the contest credibility. When the crowd turns, the tricolon ‘Voices were raised, fists were out and tempers rising’ accelerates the anger, and her protectors are ‘swallowed up by the crowd’: the metaphor makes the mob a single devouring creature, and Levine, ordered to stay in the car, feels for the first time like the outsider she has cheerfully refused to be all afternoon.

Key quotations

QuotationMethodWhy it matters
‘We waited for eternity’HyperboleComic exaggeration of the anticlimax; the shared impatience makes the eventual arrival more explosive.
‘a villager on a wobbly bicycle’BathosAn hour’s only action; the self-mockery endears the narrator before the mayhem starts.
‘a cloud of fumes and dust’Visual imageryThe race arrives as sensation before detail: scale and chaos conveyed at a stroke.
‘This was Formula One without rules’MetaphorA Western comparison translates the anarchy for readers at home and carries awe at the lawlessness.
‘horns tooting, bells ringing’Onomatopoeic listThe reader hears the convoy: celebratory mayhem in surround sound.
‘nerves of steel, and an effective horn’List ending in bathosThe deflating final item punctures the heroic build-up and keeps the tone comic.
‘The race was over.’ / ‘And then the trouble began.’Short sentences astride a paragraph breakThe structural hinge: flat finality, then an ominous restart; comedy becomes threat across the white space.
‘But I don’t even have my licence yet because I’m underage!’Delayed revelation, dialogue punchlineRetrospective comedy with a shiver: the whole chase was in the hands of an unlicensed boy.

Compare it with…

Explorers or boys messing about?: both weigh thrill against recklessness, but the newspaper report builds a case against its adventurers while Levine rides in the boot with hers. Beyond the Sky and the Earth: two travel writers making an unfamiliar country vivid, one by hurling herself into its chaos, the other by standing still in wonder.

Think it through

  • Is Levine a responsible observer of the race or part of the recklessness she describes, and does the final line change your answer?
  • Two races run at once, the donkeys and the vehicles chasing them. Which interests Levine more, and how can you tell?
  • The row over the result is the extract’s one unsmiling moment. What would be lost if it were cut?

Towards the exam

Practice question: How does the writer use language and structure to convey both danger and excitement? (12 marks, about 25 minutes.) Argue that the two feelings are made inseparable, then show how sound, pace and the paragraph break do it. Then take it to the marking desk.